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Springs may be permanent, (perennial) that flow throughout the year or ephemeral, (intermittent or temporary), that flow only during or after rain. Where evaporation is high, the flow of springs can decrease or cease during the warm season. The amount of water that flows from springs depends on many factors including: the size of the caverns (or porosity) within the rocks, the water pressure in the aquifer, the size of the spring basin, and the amount of rainfall. Human activities can also influence the volume of water that discharges from a spring. Ground-water withdrawals in an area can reduce the pressure in an aquifer, causing water levels in the aquifer system to drop and ultimately decreasing the flow from the spring. In some cases, springs have completely disappeared over time due to water withdrawal from urbanization. It is thought that half of all the springs in the United States have dried up since settlement of the country began. 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